贵州喀斯特地区珍稀濒危植物及其保护

RARE AND ENDANGERED PLANTS IN GUIZHOU KARST REGIONS WITH THE CONSIDERATION OF THEIR CONSERVATION

贵州 73%的土地为碳酸盐岩覆盖 ,生态环境脆弱 ,喀斯特地貌极为发育 ,是我国一个相对独特的地域环境单元 ,也是一个植物多样性较丰富的地区 ,仅需保护的珍稀濒危植物就有 34 2种 ,分属 84科 193属。分析了贵州喀斯特地区珍稀濒危植物的现状特征 ,并从植物本身的生理生态习性、喀斯特生境本底的严酷性 (如土壤瘠薄、方便利用的地表水匮乏等 )、人类干扰活动 (如盗伐、毁林垦荒、水土流失、酸雨危害等 )等方面探讨了该地区珍稀濒危物种的濒危原因。在此基础上 ,结合目前西部大开发中生态建设的要求 。

Guizhou is located in the Southwest China where 73% of the total area is covered by carbonate rocks and karst landforms are widely distributed with the fragile eco-environment.As a relatively distinctive region,diversity of plants in Guizhou Karst region is considerablly rich. Field survey and previous studies indicate that there are 342 rare and endangered plant species belonging to 84 families and 193 genera (including varieties) in Guizhou karst regions. This article analyzed the present situations and main features of rare and endangering plants in Guizhou karst regions.It is pointed out that the endangered causes of these plants were due to the adverse karst habitat (such as lean soil and shortage of surface water) and irrational human activities such as over-gathered,denudation,serious soil and water erosion and acid rains.Based on these analyses and requirements of eco-environmental construction in development of west China,the corresponding protection countermeasures for rare and endangered plants in Guizhou karst areas were suggested.