长江汉口边滩防洪及环境综合治理的研究

FLOOD DISASTER CONTROL OF YANGTZE RIVER RIPARIAN BARS IN HANKOU

武汉市是国务院批准的防洪重点城市 ,长江武汉河段是重点治理河段之一。该河段河道演变复杂 ,洲滩冲淤 ,影响主流、航道变迁及汛期泄洪。左岸汉口边滩上密集的房屋 ,杂乱无序 ,成为行洪障碍及污物污染源 ,破坏环境及景观。市政府决定实施防洪及环境综合治理 ,该工程属省、部级重大科研项目。从定、动床河工模型试验及环境保护进行分析研究。定床试验 ,研究工程实施后 ,本河段的水位 ,流速、流态及天兴洲左右汊分流比的变化 ;动床试验 ,研究在不同典型水文年条件下的河势、河道冲淤变化及疏浚区的回淤问题 ,为治理方案的优化比选及工程决策提供科学依据。这是长江干流滨江城市河道整治的先声 ,是城市规划建设中环境保护工程实施的首例 。

Wuhan city is one of the important cities of flood prevention confirmed by the State Department. Wuhan reaches are of the regulated necessarily reaches in the Yangtze River. The fluvial process of the reach is complex. The degradation and deposition of the shoals influence the change of the navigable mainstream channel and sluice during flood season. The dense and mussy houses on the left Hankou riparian bars become the sluice handicap and the contamination sources, destroying the environment and sight. The government of Wuhan City decides to take measures to prevent flood disaster and control comprehensively the environment. The project belongs to the important scientific research item in the province and department level. The paper deals with the experiments of immovable and movable bed, integrating the knowledge of the water environment protection. By the immovable bed experiment, the change of the water level, velocity, flow shape and diversion ration between the left and right braided channel in Tianxingzhou is examined after the project completed.By the movable experiment, the river regime, the channel change of scour and sedimentation and the back deposition problem of the dredged region are studied in different and typical hydrology-year. The research provides the scientific groundwork for the scheme choice and decision-making of the project. As a start of the mainstream channel regulation along the Yangtze River, and also the first example of carrying out water environment protection in the urban programming and construct,the environment, society and economy benefit are very obvious and significant.