黑河流域生态系统服务的价值

Value of the Ecosystem Services in the Heihe River Basin

生态系统服务的价值评估研究是可持续发展评估研究的关键内容和焦点 ,是生态经济学、环境经济学和生态学的前沿研究领域 ,是开展环境 经济综合核算的基础工作 .以黑河流域 1987年和 2 0 0 0年的 1∶10 0 0 0 0LandsatTM图像解译数据为基础 ,在分析黑河流域土地利用和土地覆盖变化状况的同时 ,对黑河流域生态系统服务的价值进行了评估 ,结果表明 :按当前价计算 ,1987年黑河流域生态系统服务的年价值为 2 1.6 2 3× 10 8＄ ,相当于 178.82 2× 10 8元人民币 ;2 0 0 0年黑河流域生态系统服务的年价值为 17.6 74× 10 8＄ ,相当于 146 .16 4× 10 8元人民币 .与 1999年黑河流域的国内生产总值 (GDP) 10 2 .5 4× 10 8元人民币相比 ,2 0 0 0年黑河流域生态系统服务的年价值相当于GDP的 1.42 5倍 .由于缺乏对盐碱地、永久积雪 /冰川、建筑用地、沙丘 /戈壁、裸岩 /裸土地等服务价值的相关研究信息 ,该结果是对流域生态系统服务价值的保守估计 .

Ecosystem services or nature's services refers to the ecosystem goods and services, which represent the benefits that human population demand, directly and indirectly, from ecosystem functions. They are the life-support system for all kinds of lives on the Earth, and are the key natural capital of humanity. Continuous existence of the services of ecological systems in taken for granted, never before have human actions so threatened their provision, most of them are public goods and not traded in markets, and thus resulted in the continuous decrease of ecosystem services and the deterioration of ecosystem functions that generate them. In the past ten years, the valuation of ecosystem services has been becoming one of the focuses of sustainable development and one of the frontiers of ecological economics, environmental economics and ecology. Various attempts have been made to calculate the value of global and regional ecosystem services. The valuation of ecosystem services is essential to the integrated accounting of environment and economics. Based on the data of 1∶100 000 Landsat TM in the Heihe River Basin in 1987 and 2000, this paper analyzes briefly the landuse and land coverage changes.It is foundthat the landuse and land cover in the Heihe River Basin has changed greatly during the past 13 a,because of human s irrational development and utilization of water resources and ecosystems. The ecosystems of the Heihe River Basin havebeen deteriorating continuously. The ecosystem services of the Heihe River Basin in 1987 and 2000 areevaluatedby ing Constanza's method. The result shows that the annual value of the ecosystem services in the Heihe River Basin was 2.1623×10 9 $, equal to 178.822×10 8 RMB $,in 1987,and 1.7674×10 9 $,equal to 146.164×10 8 RMB$in 2000. The total annual flow value of the ecosystem services in theHeihe River Basin was 0.3949×10 9 $,equal to 32.658×10 8 RMB$ during the past 13 a. The value of ecosystem services decreases2.512×10 8 RMB$per year. The great decrease indicates that protection of the ecosystems is essential. Comparing to the gross domestic product (GDP) in the Heihe River Basin in 1999, 102.54×10 8 RMB$, the annual flow value of the ecosystem services in 2000 was 1.425 times the current GDP of the whole basin. Taking into account that such ecosystems as permanent snow/glaciers, construction land, salt lick, and desert/gravel desert also have ecosystem services value,this value of the ecosystem services in the Heihe River Basin is a conservative estimation.