基于遥感与地理信息系统的SRM融雪径流模型在Alps山区流域的应用

Simulating Snowmelt Runoff in Mountainous Watershed of Italy Using GIS and Remote Sensing Data

融雪水在水资源利用中扮演着及其重要的角色 ,遥感技术的发展使得大面积监测雪盖成为可能 .选择Alps山意大利境内的Rienza流域 ,利用SRM模型模拟春季融雪径流 ,区别传统对SRM模型的描述、参数选择和应用的研究方式 ,研究环境因素对这些参数的影响尤其是对度 日因子的影响以及它们之间的内在关系 .重点讨论利用GIS和遥感数据获取SRM模型中的关键参数和因子 .结论显示SRM模型模拟春季融雪径流的关键是精确地输入模型参数 ;遥感数据在提取雪盖面积的过程中 ,消除地形影响是必要的 ;从SRM模型的应用状况分析 。

Snow meltwater plays a very important role in the effectual usage of the water resource. It is regarded widely in Europe. Now it is possible tomonitor snow cover in the large area. SRM(Snowmelt Runoff Model) has successfully simulatedmore than eighty basins,which are locatedin 25 countries. So it becomes the only snowmelt runoff model recommended by the World Meteorological Organization. In this paper the SRM is appliedto simulate snowmelt runoff in Rienza basin of Italy in spring. The emphasis in this paper is to apply GIS and remote sensing data asinput parameters and factors, resulting inimproving the accuracy of simulating. Abasin can be subdivided into several sub basins.The runoff effect of each sub basin could be controlledby the measurementof a hydro meteorological observation station. Meanwhile, the key environmental influence factors,such as degree day factor and depletion curve, would be discussed in detailfor a single sub basin. In the processing of remote sensing image, a topographic correction will improve the image interpretation. Using compensation method before supervised classification filters the non snow cells. Thussnow cover distribution maps could be obtained accurately. The result shows: 1) The key of simulating spring snowmelt runoff is inputting accurate parameters; 2) In the process of extractingsnow cover parameters from the remote sensing data, eliminating the effect of landformis important. For applying SMR in China, the urgencyis how to treatthe meteorological and hydrological parametersof the sub basins, in case of rarity of surface station data in most snow cover regions.