区域耕地动态变化及可持续利用评价——以河北省黑龙港地区为例

Dynamic Change in Arable Land and Evaluation of Sustainable Utilization of Region: A Case Study of Heilonggang Region

耕地作为土地中的精华 ,其动态变化及可持续利用无疑是影响区域可持续发展的关键问题。河北省黑龙港地区旱、涝、盐、碱灾害严重 ,是黄淮海平原水土资源条件最差的地区。近年来 ,随着经济发展和人口增长 ,人地矛盾日益突出 ,成为该区域可持续发展的一个关键问题。本文利用黑龙港地区近 5 0年耕地长序列统计资料和近 5年的土地详查数据 ,揭示了耕地数量变化的基本过程及其空间差异 ,并进一步对耕地资源利用的可持续性进行了评价。研究表明 ,近 5 0年来 ,黑龙港地区耕地数量呈明显的波动减少趋势 ,经历了由增加→急剧减→缓慢减少的基本变化过程 ,其中在 1 95 5～ 1 95 8年和 1 96 5～ 1 978年出现两次明显的耕地流失高峰 ;全区域耕地资源利用处于临界可持续 ,其综合指数为 48.2 5。

Arable land is soul of land resource, and the dynamic change and rational utilization of arable land are the key problems that affect sustainable development of region. The natural disaster is very serious in Heilonggang region whose natural conditions such as water and soil are the poorest in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. With the economic development and population growth, a great amount of arable land has been lost and the contradiction of land shortage has become more serious which restricts regional sustainable development. This paper has revealed the basic process and regional difference according to the data of long-series statistics of arable land area during the past 50 years and the detailed-investigation of land use during the recent five years. Further, evaluation of sustainable utilization on arable land is discussed. The results show that there is a trend of obvious fluctuant decrease in arable land area during the past 50 years. The changes of arable land area undergo the process from increase to steep decrease to gently decrease. During the process, there are two height periods of decrease in arable land: 1955to 1958 and 1965 to 1978, respectively. The sustainable utilization of arable land in Heilonggang region is critical, with synthetical index of 48 25.