硬骨鱼类受精细胞学研究进展

Recent progresses of study on fertilization cytology in teleost

对硬骨鱼类精子入卵的要素、单精受精的机制及雌、雄原核形成和结合等受精细胞学方面的研究进展进行了综述。对精卵识别的化学因素及精子入卵的机械动力因素的研究是目前精子入卵要素的主要研究内容。硬骨鱼类卵膜孔的特殊结构以及精子入卵后随即发生的皮层反应为其实现单精受精提供了保障。硬骨鱼类成熟卵处于初级卵母细胞中期 ,卵子产生后才逸出第二极体 ,雌、雄原核的结合方式应为嵌合 (或联合 )式 ,但其所经历的时间较短 ,与理论上有较大的差异。

The studies on the elements of the sperm prnetrability into matured egg,the mechanism of monospermy and formation of male and female pronuclei in teleost are reviewed in the present paper.There are two important aspects for the sperm prnetrability into matured egg:one is chemical factor in sperm-egg identification and the other is mechanical power factor in sperm penetrating into matured egg.The special formation of fertilization cone and the cortical reaction occurring immediately after the sperm penetration into matured egg support the effective and reliable barrier for the monospermy.The matured egg of teleost is oocyte Ⅱ in the mid-term and the second polar globule run off oocyte after producing ootid,which show that the way of combining male pronucleus with female one should be fusion.However,the process of combination spent fairly less time,which is much different from doing on the theoretical plane.The applied study on the mechanism of the sperm entry into egg and the formation of male and female pronuclei is significant of the study on fertilization cytology of distant hybridization in fish.