疟疾疫苗的研究策略(英文)

Study on malaria vaccines

从疟原虫的不同发育时期、不同的疫苗成份和宿主的遗传基因限制性等方面 ,深入研究抗疟疾疫苗 .作用于红细胞前期的疟疾疫苗主要是抑制疟疾的临床发作 ,控制疟疾的传播 ;作用于红细胞期的疟疾疫苗诱导宿主体液免疫系统 ,产生特异性抗体 ,抑制疟原虫侵入和感染红细胞 ,达到减少疟原虫虫荷 ,降低疟疾的发病率和死亡率 .作用于疟原虫有性生殖时期 ,控制疟疾传播的疟疾疫苗 ,其意义在于控制一个地区疟原虫的感染率和疟疾发病率 ,但对已感染疟原虫个体的免疫保护作用意义不大 .在设计疟疾疫苗的过程中 ,必须克服不同个体的遗传基因限制性问题 .由于疟原虫生活史的复杂性 ,同时也必须考虑到疟原虫不同发育阶段抗原成份的复杂性 .

This paper describes the major strategies that have been employed in malaria vaccine development. The pre erythrocytic stage vaccines aim to prevent the development of all clinical symptoms and subsequent malaria transmission. Erythrocytic stage vaccine designed aims to induce antibodies that prevent invasion and infection of erythrocytes, to reduce morbidity and mortality by decreasing the parasite load. Sexual stage 'transmission blocking' vaccines aim to reduce malaria within a community as a whole, but convey no benefit for a malaria infected individual. The design of a malaria vaccine must overcome genetic restriction to be effective to a diverse population. Due to the complex nature of the malaria life cycle, it points out multiple antigens from different stages must also be incorporated into a vaccine.