不同温度下白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂的实验种群生命表

Experimental population life tables of Microterys ericeri at different temperatures

在 15、 18、 2 1、 2 4、 2 7和 30℃恒温下 ,观察了温度对白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂Microterysericeri发育、存活和繁殖力的影响 ,组建了相应温度下的实验种群生命表。白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂全代的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为 12 1℃和 499 4日·度。2 7℃时发育历期最短 ,产卵量、产卵率和卵孵化率最高。 2 4℃时雌虫怀卵量最多 ,3～ 5龄幼虫和蛹的存活率最高。 6种温度下白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂种群的世代存活率分别为 8 5 %、 2 5 2 %、 5 0 3%、 6 8 2 %、 49 8%和 38 1%。 2 4℃时世代存活率、种群趋势指数、净增殖率和内禀增长力均高于其它温度处理。 2 4℃和 2 7℃时种群加倍时间只需 12天。 18℃时种群出现负增长 ,15℃时白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂不产卵 。

Development, survivorship and fecundity of the experimental populations of Microterys ericeri Ishii were observed at 15℃, 18℃, 21℃, 24℃, 27℃ and 30℃ respectively and their life tables at these temperatures were presented. The thermal threshold and thermal sum for development of M. ericeri were estimated at 12.1℃ and 499.4 day-degrees respectively. The shortest durations were recorded at 27℃ as follows: egg, 3.0 d; the 1st～2nd instar larva, 5.4 d; the 3rd instar larva, 3.2 d; the 4th instar larva, 3.5 d; the 5th instar larva, 4.1 d; pupa, 8.3 d; and the whole generation, 27.5 d. The highest survival rates of the 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae and pupae occurred at 24℃ while the maximal fecundity was observed at 27℃. The generation survival rates were 8.5%, 25.2%, 50.3%, 68.2%, 49.8% and 38.1% at 15℃, 18℃, 21℃, 24℃, 27℃ and 30℃ respectively. The maximums of the generation survival rate, population trend index, net reproduction rate and innate capacity of natural increase occurred at 24℃. The parasitic wasp failed to complete its life cycle at 15℃.