河冰生消演变及其运动规律的研究进展

River Ice Processes

河冰是在特定的气象条件、地形河势和水力作用下产生的自然现象。研究河冰生消演变及其运动规律 ,从而根据气象、水文、冰情历史资料、现时信息和河道特征 ,应用热力学和水力学原理 ,对各种冰情要素进行预报 ,防治冰凌危害 ,是寒冷地区国家发展中必须考虑的一个重要问题。本文对河道中冰的形成、演变发展、输移、积聚堆积、消融和破碎冲蚀等各种冰情现象及其研究现状进行了分析总结 ,着重介绍国外最近的研究成果。

River ice phenomena involve many processes which are affected by the ambient meteorological and hydrological conditions and interact in a complex manner with the river flow.To study the river ice processes multi discipline knowledge in field of meteorology,hydrology,solid mechanics,thermodynamics,hydraulics and river mechanics is involved.The interaction between the hydraulics of rivers and the ice that forms in them is a major concern of ice on the hydraulics depend on the kind of ice,so it is important ot understand the nature of the ice throughout the winter,beginning with the formation of frazil and edge ice,then the formation of ice covers,and finally,break up.Of particular interest are the behavior of frazil ice,the effect of ice on hydraulic resistance,and the causes and effects of ice jams or ice dams.In this paper physical processes associated with river ice,including the formation,evolution,transport,accumulation,dissipation and deterioration of various forms of ice,are briefly reviews along with the current understanding of the subject.