中国河口环境问题及其可持续管理对策

Environmental Problems and Countermeasures for Sustainable Management of the Estuaries in China

河口位于河流—海洋交互区 ,是一具有重大资源潜力和环境效益的湿地生态系统类型。但由于长期以来不合理地开发利用 ,已导致了中国河口生境退化 ,生物多样性急剧下降 ,环境污染加剧 ,海岸侵蚀及河口淤积日益严重等环境问题 ,保护及合理开发利用河口资源势在必行。分析了我国河口面临的威胁 ,河口管理、保护和开发利用中存在的主要问题 ,并由此提出了解决这些问题的可持续管理对策与措施。

Estuary locates the intersecting zone between ocean and river, it is the wetland ecosystem type with great resources potent and environmental values. Besides it can provide a lot of foods, materials and water resources, it can keep regional eco-balance, maintain biodiversity and rare species, regulate water resources, control flood and fight natural adversities, degrade pollutions and provide trip etc.. However, owing to the unreasonable exploitation and utilization for a long time, the living environment has degenerated, biodiversity has decreased seriously, the environmental pollution, erosion of coast and estuary deposition have been aggravated. It is imperative to conserve and utilize reasonably estuary resources. The menaces faced with of estuaries and the main problems during the management, conservation and utilization of Chinese estuaries are analyzed, and the sustainable management countermeasures are put forward.