感官与心灵:中西方的不同命运——从鲁道夫·阿恩海姆《视觉思维——审美直觉心理学》谈起

Perception and Rational Cognition: The Different Destiny in China and the West

《视觉思维》不是一个偶然诞生的奇迹 ,西哲在重视抽象思维的同时 ,并不忽视感官的作用 ;重视感知在思维过程中的作用 ,从不省略直观、实证的求知过程 ,是西方哲学一以贯之的传统。反观中国古代哲学 ,总是忽略、轻视甚至排斥感官的作用 ,而倾向直接以心灵去把握真理 ;而这种“心灵”,又是经过伦理精心过滤的 ,无所不能。其结果是 ,在古代思想家笔下 ,存在着两组既互为独立又相互渗透的思想现象 :一、圣化心灵与圣化王权同步 ,二者之间存在着一种同向互动关系 ;二、圣化心灵与奴化感官同步 。

Thinking through vision is not an accidental miracle. West thinkers had always paid equal attention to both perception and rational cognition. They never ignore the role of perception and sensation in the process of seeking knowledge. On the contrary, ancient Chinese thinkers always neglected the importance of perception and sensation in cognition process. Instead, they put much value on 'soul' rational cognition, which is filtered by Confucian morality with an all purpose quality. As a result, there are two groups of thinking phenomenon, especially under the thinkers of Pre Qin Days. One is the deification of rational cognition in pace with the deification of monarch, the deification of rational cognition in pace with the enslavement of perception is the other.