论明清启蒙学者的欲望观——明清人文精神的一个侧面研究

On the Thoughts of Desire of the Enlightenment Scholars of the Ming-Qing Period

人文精神旨在确认人的尊严与价值,肯定有利于人的生存和发展的物质和精神方面的东西。如果人的欲望都难以得到满足的话,那么人义精神也就无从谈起。明清时期的启蒙学者在尖锐批判宋明理学的道德禁欲主义的基础上,对欲望提出了别开生面的见解,体现了明清时代新兴的市民的价值观,有着反对封建特权、要求平等的启蒙色彩,蕴含着近代人文精神的因素。

Humanity spirit is to ensure man's dignity and value, and to confirm those physical and spiritual things beneficial to man's living and development. Humanity spirit will be a castle in the air if man's desire cannot be satisfied. The enlightenment scholars of the Ming-Qing period, on the one hand, fiercely criticized the asceticism of the Song-Ming period, and on the other hand, they expressed their viewpoints in their novel way, which revealed the citizens' new ideas of value in the Ming-Qing period. As an aspect of the humanity spirit of the modern society, the thoughts of desire carry the enlightenment spirit in their objections to the feudalism autarchy and requests of equality.