战后苏联对外政策与国家发展道路

Soviet Union's Foreign Policy after W.W.II and the Road of the National Development

二战结束后 ,苏联领导人在对国际形势和国家利益的判断上陷入了俄罗斯外交传统的误区 ,把保持和扩大苏联境外的权益作为基本目标。这一选择影响了苏联在战后数十年的发展道路 ,使整个国家处于高度紧张的状态 ,以便与以美国为首的西方阵营争夺和对抗。但苏联缺乏足够强大的经济基础 ,因此只能依靠强制的方式 ,把国家的全部资源优先用于发展军事力量以支撑其对外政策 ,为此付出的代价是内部体制的僵化、社会发展的停滞、民族活力的减弱。综合国力不支最终还是使苏联在与美国的竞争中遭受挫折。

After W.W.II ended, the Soviet leaders followed the Russian diplomatic tradition in judging the international situation and the national interests. They aimed at maintaining and promoting the overseas interests and rights of the Soviet Union. Such an aim gave the wrong orientation to the national development and strained the national power by contending with and antagonizing the Camp of West Europe headed by the United States. Owing to the lack of powerful power, the soviet Union had to resort to mandatory measures to use all the national strength to support their foreigh policy. Consequently, the nation's internal system became rigid, the social development bogged down and the national vigor was consumed. The weak support of the nation's combined economic strength eventually made the country lag behind in its rivalry with the United States.