论清末“新政”时期的教育改革及其影响

On The Education Reform included in the New Policy of Late Qing Dynasty and Its Influences

清末“新政”时期的教育改革 ,因其废旧 (科举 )而终止了一个施行了 1 0 0 0多年的教育制度 ,又因其倡新(学 )而开启了近代中国教育的新篇章 ,所以在中国教育史上地位特殊。从介绍近代以来至“新政”前的教育概况入手 ,通过对清末“新政”教育改革的主要内容、特征、局限性及其原因的分析 ,着重从以下四个方面论述了清末“新政”教育改革所产生的深远影响 :科举制度的废除 ,为近代教育和人才培养新体系的发展扫清了最严重的一道障碍 ;《奏定学堂章程》的颁布与实施 ,促进了近代新式学堂的发展 ,人才培养的数量和质量大大提高 ;官派出国留学和鼓励自费留学 ,培养了一大批学贯中西的人才 ;新式学堂开设了大量的自然科学、社会科学课程 ,推动了“新学”的传播 。

The education reform included in the New Policy of late Qing Dynasty has a great importance and special place in Chinese history of education because, due to the reform, the Imperial Examination System lasting for more than one thousand years had been abolished and a new schooling system was advocated, which opened up a new age of Chinese education. Based on the analysis of the ideas of the educational reform in late Qing Dynasty and its characteristics, shortcomings and its causes, this paper stresses its profound impact on the establishment of modern Chinese educational system. The influences at least include the following: the abolishment of the Imperial Examination System clears away the obstacles in the process of the development of a new educational system.Besides, the measures provided by 'the School Regulations Presented by Ministers and Authorized by Emperor'contribute to the development of Chinese modern education and thus improve the Chinese education not only in the quantity but also in the quality of the talented people. What's more, thanks to the government-funded studying abroad project or encouragement to self-supported studying abroad, talented people came forth in large number. Finally, colleges and schools of new style provided various kinds of courses of science and arts, which helps to propagate the Western educational concepts and ideas and to promote the quality of education.