试论学习者背景知识的负效应

On the Negative Effects of Learners' Contextual Knowledge

背景知识不仅有利于新知识的学习 ,也可以阻碍新知识的获得 ,即背景知识具有负效应。为此在教学设计中 ,教师不仅要分析已具备了哪些有利于新知识获得的旧知识能为教学所积极利用 。

Contextual knowledge is helpful for learning new knowledge on the one hand and may hinderthe gaining of new knowledge on the other, i.e. contextual knowledge has its negative effects. Therefore the teacher should, in planning his teaching, make an analysis of what old knowledge can be made use of for the gaining of new knowledge and what old information may hold back the gaining of new knowledge.