退化喀斯特森林恢复评价和修复技术

A study on evaluation of restoration and remedy technology of degraded Karst forest

根据恢复生态学原理和当前喀斯特区植被恢复的目标 ,贵州喀斯特区植被恢复以生态修复为主 ,而退化喀斯特群落自然恢复过程和演替规律是其重要基础。采用退化群落恢复潜力度、恢复度和恢复速度 3个评价指标对退化喀斯特森林自然恢复过程进行评价 ,结果表明 :低一级演替阶段群落向相邻更高一级演替阶段群落恢复的潜力度最高 ,群落自然恢复是由低级阶段向高级阶段顺序替代过程 ;早期阶段恢复潜力度较高、恢复度低、速度慢 ,中期阶段恢复潜力度高、恢复度中等、速度快 ,后期阶段恢复潜力度低、恢复度高、速度慢。群落整体恢复速度低于群落各特征指标恢复速度。群落结构恢复快于群落功能恢复。群落自然恢复对策的变化是由早期更新对策向中期结构调整对策至后期结构功能协调完善对策更替。退化喀斯特森林自然恢复 4 0～5 0年可有较为正常的组成、外貌和结构 ,但要达到功能完全恢复则需时很长。以树种选择、小生境人工改造和利用为主的人工恢复技术 ,以结构调整、系统管理、抚育为主要措施的人工促进自然恢复技术 ,可提高退化植被恢复潜力和速度。

Based on the principles of restoration ecology and main aim of karst vegetation restoration at present, ecological remedy was mainly the technology for vegetation restoration in Guizhou province. Its important basis was the process of nature restoration and laws of succession for degraded karst forest.Three evaluation indexes such as restoration potentiality (RP), restoration degree(RD) , restoration speed(RS) were taken for evaluating the nature restoration process. The results showed that there were the highest RP between the lower and the next to higher succession stage, so that natural restoration of degraded community was a process in which lower community was replaced by its next higher one successively. There were higher RP but lowest RD and slower RS in the early stage; the highest RP, the fast RS and moderate RD in the mid-stage; the lowest RP , the slowest RS and the highest RD in the late stage. The RP of community was slower than that of community feature indexes, and the RS of total function was slower than its part one. In community feature indexes, RS of component, height , coverage, seedlings/total trees and dominance were faster than that of biomass ,the fact indicated that RS of structure was faster than that of function. The natural restoration strategy was that the regeneration in early stage changed into the community structure adjustment in mid-stage, and finally to the structure and function coordination or improvement in late stage. The normal community component, physiognomy, structure could be presented after 40 to 50 years of natural restoration, but it would take a long time to restore total community function. In practice, restoration potential and speed of degraded karst forest were raised by the planting restoration technology which included the ways of selecting tree species, transforming and utilizing habitat ,and by the artificial improvement restoration technology which included the ways of adjusting structure and tending forest.