农村空巢老人的孤独感与社会支持和应对方式的关系

Relationship of loneliness to social support and coping styles among rural empty-nest elderly people

目的探究农村空巢老人孤独感现状及其与社会支持和应对方式的关系。方法对贵州省居住在农村的305名空巢老人进行调查,分别采用孤独感量表、社会支持评定量表和简易应对方式问卷。结果空巢老人的孤独感总得分为(50. 94±7. 91)分,在年龄、身体状况和文化程度上均存在显著差异(P <0.01),其中年龄越大,或是身体状况越差,或是文化程度越低,孤独感得分均越高;孤独感与积极应对、社会支持成负相关(r值分别为-0.54、-0.48, P<0.01),与消极应对成正相关(r=0.15, P<0.01);积极应对在农村空巢老人社会支持与孤独感之间起着显著的中介作用(B=-0.40, P<0.01)。结论空巢老人的孤独问题比较突出,社会支持影响农村空巢老人的孤独感,部分是通过应对方式的中介作用实现;预防和降低农村空巢老人孤独感的风险,应注重从社会支持系统和个体应对方式多个层面入手。

Objective To study the status of loneliness and its relation between loneliness and social support, and explore the coping styles of elderly people living in rural empty-nest. Methods A total of 305 rural empty-nest elderly people were investigated. The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) were used. Results The general scores of loneliness of the subjects were (50. 94 +_ 7.91 ), there were significant differences of the scores among subjects with different age, health conditions and educational status (P < 0. 01 ), meaning the older or the poorer health conditions or the lower educational status the empty-nest elders were, the more scores of loneliness in them. The correlation analysis showed that the loneliness Was negatively correlated with positive coping and social support ( r1 = - 0. 54 and r2 = - 0. 48 respectively, P < 0. 01 ), and positively correlated with negative coping (r = 0. 15, P < 0. 01 ). The results of regression analysis showed that positive coping style played significant partial mediating role in the relationship between social support and loneliness in the empty-nest eiders (B = - 0.40, P < 0. 01 ). Conclusion The loneliness of the rural empty-nest elderly people is more prominerit, and the social support affects the loneliness of the empty-nest elders, partly through the mediating effect of coping styles. To prevent and reduce the risk of loneliness of the rural empty-nest elderly people, we should pay attention to social support system and individual coping styles.