从法制意识到法制行动:一个“公共理性”的分析框架

From Legal System Consciousness to Legal Action——an Analytical Framework of Public Rationality

法治社会的建设离不开公民法制意识的提升。然而,当今中国法制意识的发展还存在公众认识较为肤浅、人治思想根深蒂固以及法制意识的价值判断与现实选择之间的矛盾等问题,需要法制行动的实践来促使法制思想及理念合理下沉。基于法制意识的法制行动具有将法制理念落到实处,扩大社会效果、促进社会良性互动,实现更广泛的公平正义以及有效促进沟通,使法制意识在实践中得到升华等作用,是法治社会建设必不可少的内容。法制意识向法制行动的转变已成为必然,而公共理性的正当性、公共性和民意性等特征对法制意识向法制行动的转变具有很强的针对性,基于哈贝马斯的法律商谈理论,公共理性框架的构建可以从实践理性出发,基于主体间性立场,根据沟通的四个有效性条件这三个方向入手。公共理性框架下,法制意识向法制行动的转变需要重视程序正义,促进社会良性互动以及引入法律商谈等举措。

The construction of society under the rule of law can hardly do without the citizens' consciousness of legal system. However, a lot of problems exist in the development of legal system consciousness, such as the public's shallow awareness, deep-rooted idea of ruling by man and the contradiction between the value judgment of legal con- sciousness and realistic choice. Therefore,the practice of legal action is needed to make legal thoughts and ideas fall to real point. The legal action based on legal consciousness can not only put legal concept into practice, expand the social effect and promote peaceful coexistence of social relations,but also achieve a wider range of fairness and justice, what's more, it's also essential for the promotion of effective communications to make legal thought sublima- ted. Legal action is an essential part of social legal system construction. The transition of legal consciousness to le- gal action has become an inevitable tendency. The public rationality's characteristics of legitimacy, publicity and public opinion have a great relevance and strong complementarily for the transformation. Based on Harbermas' legal negotiation theory, the public rational framework's construction can set out from practical rationality, based on in- tersubjectivity and according to the four valid conditions of communication. Under the framework of public rationali- ty, the transition from legal consciousness to legal action needs to attach importance to procedural justice, promote social benign interaction and bring in legal discourse.