民间资本宪法保护的困境及其突破

The Dilemmas Existing in the Constitutional Protection on Private Capitals and the Current Breakthroughs

民间资本存在诸多困境导致近年来的持续大量外流,严重影响了民间资本的自身发展。其宪法困境表现为宪法内容及宪法地位尚未明确、以所有制为核心,对不同所有制作出区分;制度困境表现为公有与非公经济的主辅划分、市场地位不平等,以及生态困境和流失困境等。从宪法完善角度提出确立不同所有制经济主体平等保护原则、统一使用财产权概念、适时清理部门法中区别对待民间资本的条款。从健全市场经济财产权体系的角度,提出明确法人的宪法主体地位、民间资本的宪法财产权、完善市场经济财产权的法律体系,最终达到民间资本的制度完善。

Many dilemmas existing in the private capitals have led to a flight of capital abroad, and have caused negative impacts on the development of private capitals.The constitutional dilemmas include unidentified status of the constitution, and differentiating ownerships on the base of ownership system.The system dilemmas include "the primary and secondary division" of public economy and non-public economy, the inequality of the market position, and the ecology dilemma along with the talents-loss crisis. Based on the perspective of a potential constitutional amending, I proposed the establishment of protective principles on economic subjects with different kinds of ownerships, the concept of property right in an unified using order, and sorting out the clauses with a differential treatment to private capitals within the department laws.From a perspective of completing the market-oriented economy property right system, I proposed to identify the constitutional subject status of legal persons, the constitutional property right of private capitals, legal systems of the market-oriented economy property right.