服务的内卷化:对政府购买失独家庭社会工作服务的省思——以X失独家庭社会工作服务项目为例

The Involution of Social Services:Rethinking Government Purchase of Social Work Services for Losing Only-Child Families——A Case Study on X Program of Social Work Services for Losing Only-Child Families

近年来,政府购买失独家庭社会工作服务逐渐陷入了内卷化的困境,具体表现为:服务对象选择上避难就易;服务内容提供的面比较狭窄;服务目标瞄准上欠精准;服务层次开展上较微观;案主需求满足上未能触及其有挑战性的需求;实务开展专业性上停滞不前。服务内卷化的生成机制主要在于:失独家庭极端的脆弱性、封闭性与敏感性;项目制中行政权威对专业自主的压制与侵蚀;实务过程缺乏"问题解决过程中所使用的理论"的指导、社工机构较高的社工流失率以及案主的监督与评估作用未能充分发挥。服务内卷化的治理之道主要体现在:购买方要减少行政权威对专业自主的压制与侵蚀;承接方要提升社会工作服务的专业性;监测与评估方要真正发挥参与项目治理的专业引领作用;使用方则要充分发挥项目运行质量的监督与评估作用。

In recent years,the government purchase of social work services for losing only - child families has gradually fallen into the dilemma of involution,which is manifested as the following aspects.First,the chosen clients are always those bereaved parents who are easy to get along with.Second,the services provided are always too limited.Third,the aiming of services is always imprecise.Fourth,the services provided are always limited on the microcosmic level. Fifth,the services seldom meet clients'challenging needs all the while.Sixth,the professional level of social work practice remains stagnant.The generation mechanism of the involution in the sensitivity,fragility and unsociability of the clients,the authoritative repression on the profes-sional autonomy,the unspecialized services without the guidance of "theory in",the high mobility of social workers in social work institutions and the inadequate supervision and evolution on program running of clients.Correspondently,the counter measure is as follows.For purchasers, it's necessary to reduce the repression of administrative autonomy on professional authority.For contractors,they should enhance the professional level of social work.For monitors,they should play the leading role in program management and governance,and for uses,they should give full play Key to the supervision and evaluation over program running.