十月革命前俄国远东地区中国人的渔猎采集活动

Fishing and Hunting Activities of Chinese People in the Russian Far East before the October Revolution

十月革命前,中国人在俄国远东地区的渔猎采集活动主要有:在近海采集海带和捕捞海参等、以获取珍贵的鹿茸和貂皮为主要目的的猎鹿和猎貂、在原始森林采集和培育人参。相对于其他领域,中国人的渔猎采集活动受季节影响更大些。春夏季在近海采集海带和捕捞海参以及在原始森林中挖参,秋冬在深山猎杀貂等毛皮兽。对于中国人在远东地区的渔猎采集活动,俄国人的心理是矛盾的:一方面看到中国渔猎人员在远东拓殖中的积极作用;另一方面对他们在远东的渔猎采集活动充满恐惧,认为熟悉当地风土人情和自然条件的中国渔猎人员的存在不利于国家安全的维护。

Before the October Revolution,the Chinese people collected fishing and hunting activities in the Russian Far East :collecting kelp and fishing sea cucumbers in Russian Gulden Sea;hunting deer and hunting falcon for the main purpose of obtaining precious velvet antler and mink;collecting and cultivating Ginseng in virgin forests.Compared with other fields,Chinese fishing and hunting activities are more affected by the season.In the spring and summer,sea kelp and sea cucumbers are collected in the open sea,and the ginseng is dug in the virgin forest.In autumn and winter,the wild beasts are hunted in the mountains.For the Chinese people's fishing and hunting activities in the Far East,the Russians'psychology is contradictory:on the one hand,they see the positive role of Chinese fish and hunters in the colonization of the Far East,on the other hand,they are full of fear of their fishing and hunting activities in the Far East,and they think that the presence of Chinese fishermen and hunters who are familiar with local customs and natural conditions is not conducive to the maintenance of national security.