聚合物分子刷的高效合成与应用

Facile Preparation and Diverse Applications of Polymer Brush

当聚合物链通过稳定的共价或非共价键高密度地接枝到另一聚合物链、二维平面结构或球形或柱形的三维结构上时,这类聚合物体系分别称为一维、二维和三维聚合物分子刷.与具有相似化学组成的线性聚合物相比,一维聚合物分子刷具有一些独特的性质,其中包括蠕虫状构象、紧凑的分子尺寸和链端效应.将聚合物链引入平面、球形或圆柱形基体的表面不仅能显著地改变基体的表面性质,还可赋予所得杂化聚合物分子刷新的功能.因此,聚合物分子刷在催化、纳米光刻、生物矿化、药物递送、医学诊断和光电子材料等领域具有十分广泛的应用.虽然活性/可控聚合的出现为各种一维、二维和三维聚合物分子刷的制备提供了更高效的合成手段,但是具有精确组成、结构和功能的聚合物分子刷的高效可控制备仍然是该领域的关键挑战之一.本文总结和评述了课题组近些年在发展一维、二维和三维聚合物分子刷的高效可控制备策略中取得的成果,并且通过相关实例展现了聚合物分子刷基材料在药物输送、防污涂料、催化和锂离子电池等领域的广阔应用前景.

Polymer brush generally refers to a kind of special macromolecular structures,of which polymer chains are densely tethered to another polymer chain(one-dimension,1-D),the surface of a planar(two- dimension,2-D),a spherical or a cylindrical(three-dimension,3-D)solid matrice via stable covalent or non- covalent bond linkages,and can be divided into 1-D,2-D,and3-D polymer brushes,respectively,depending on the substrates.Different from the corresponding linear counterpart with similar molecular composition,1-D polymer brush has some attractive properties including wormlike conformation,compact molecular dimension, and notable chain end effects due to its compact and densely grafted structure.The introduction of polymer chains onto the surface of a2-D or3-D matrix can not only improve surface-related properties of the matrix significantly, but also endow new functionalities with the obtained hybrid polymer brushes.Thus,polymer brush is of great interest in the fields of polymer and material science due to its potential applications in catalysis,nanolithography, biomineralization,drug delivery,medical diagnosis,optoelectronics,and so on.With the advent of living/controlled polymerization,organic,and supramolecular chemistry,a large number of 1-D,2-D and3-D polymer brushes have been prepared.However,the development of highly efficient synthetic protocois for the preparation of polymer brush with precisely controlled composition,structure,and functionality remains a key challenge.Herein,we summarize our recent efforts on the development of efficient methods to prepare 1-D,2-D, and3-D polymer brushes and the exploration of their potential applications in drug delivery,anti-fouling coating, catalysis,and lithium-ion battery.