大学生发展指数:结构与水平——基于2016年CCSS调查数据的分析

College Students' Development Index: Structure and Level——Based on the analysis of 2016 CCSS data

基于某高校"中国大学生学习与发展追踪(CCSS)"2016年调查数据,验证了大学生发展的二阶四维结构,并据此构建了大学生发展的三级指数体系,分析了大学生发展的水平和特点。研究发现:第一,大学生发展整体处于中等偏上水平;第二,大学生发展个体间和各维度间存在显著差异,发展的不平衡不充分现象同时存在;第三,大学生发展指数随着年级增长呈曲线发展态势;第四,总体上男女大学生发展水平相近,但在各维度发展上存在差异。据此提出依据大学生发展指数量化评估大学生的发展水平是直观可行的,同时建议高校应依据大学生发展指数的特点采取针对性的教育举措,促进大学生均衡而充分的发展。

Based on 2016 CCSS data of one university, this study aims to verify the second-order and four-dimensional structure of college students* development. On the basis of this, the tertiary index system of college students' development is constructed and development level and characteristics of college students are analyzed. Key findings are summarized as follows: firstly, the overall development of college students is at a medium to upper level. Secondly, there are significant differences in the development of college students among individuals and among different dimensions, and the phenomenon of unbalanced development and insufficient development of college students exists simultaneously. Thirdly, the development index of college students shows a curve development trend with the growth of grader. Fourthly, the male college students* development level and that of female college students is similar, but there are some differences in the development of each dimension. On the basis of these findings, it is intuitive and feasible to measure the development of all aspects of college students depending on the College Students’ Development Index; and colleges and universities should take targeted educational measures according to the features of CSDI, so as to promote the balanced and full development of college students.