考虑区域异质性的应急物资选址-分配优化

Location-Allocation Optimization of Emergency Relief Materials Considering Regional Heterogeneity

重大灾害影响下的多个区域存在一定程度异质性,如灾区不同的受灾程度、救援区域不同的响应能力等。选择以"差异化反应时间"作为综合表征各救援区域异质性的关键指标,并用差异化物资需求来刻画各灾区异质性,研究将反应时间因素纳入应急总成本决策考量时的最优选址和物资分配优化问题。构造了一个包含多个指标因素的综合评价体系,用来区分各备选救援中心处面对灾害应急反应时间的快慢,结合各灾区不同受灾程度,构建一个考虑区域异质性的应急物资选址-分配模型。设计并应用遗传算法对所构模型在2008年汶川地震案例背景下实施仿真求解,将求解结果与不考虑区域异质的选址-分配方案作对比分析,并对关键参数进行敏感性分析。

Areas affected by serious disasters have heterogeneities to a certain extent, like different damages at affected sites and diverse response abilities in relief areas. Differentiated response time is selected as a key indicator to reflect the heterogeneities in emergency relief regions, while distinct material demand is used to characterize the differences in those disaster areas. In this paper, a location-allocation optimization problem is studied minimizing the total emergency cost,when incorporating the diverse response time impacts into decision-makings. First, a comprehensive evaluation system is constructed to distinguish the response time of alternative relief centers, which includes multiple important influence factors. Next, combining different devastation extent in disaster affected areas, a location-allocation optimization model of emergency relief materials is built considering regional heterogeneity. Finally, a genetic algorithm is designed to solve the model in the scenario of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and a comparative analysis is performed to model solutions and demonstrate the sensitivity analysis of key parameters.