从分析性思维到相似性思维:论政策思维方式的转变

From Analytical Thinking to Similarity Thinking:On the Transformation of Policy Thinking Modes

工业社会中的人们在认识论框架之下,运用分析性思维进行社会治理和政策制定。分析性思维采用实证主义研究方法来认识事物,与工具理性联系在一起。在工业社会中,分析性思维甚至被等同于科学,只要通过分析性思维制定的公共政策就被认为是科学的,也只有通过分析性思维才能获得科学性。而全球化、后工业化进程使得社会问题具有了高度复杂性与高度不确定性,超出了工具理性的范畴,也打破了分析性思维应用的条件和环境,这时需要对理性的概念作出新的阐释。与之相适应,政策过程中的思维方式应当从分析性思维转换到相似性思维。不同的思维模式带来不同的认知,以及不同的政策过程和建构图景。

Abstract:Within the framework of epistemology,people in industrial society use analytical thinking to conduct social governance and policy formulation.Analytical thinking applies empirical research methods to understand the world,and is associated with ifistrumental rationality.In industrial society,analytical thinking is even considered to be equal to science. As long as public policies are formulated through analytical thinking,they will be considered as scientific,and the scientific nature can only be obtained through analytical thinking.However,the process of globalization and post-industrialization has given social problems more complexity uncertainty,which moves beyond the scope of instrumental rationality,and breaks the conditions and environment for the application of analytical thinking.At this time,it is necessary to make new interpretation of the concept of rationality.'Accordingly,the way of thinking in the policy-making process should shift from analytical thinking to similarity thinking.Different modes of thinking bring different perceptions,as well as different policy-making processes and constructive landscapes.