无底柱分段崩落法崩落体形态的研究现状与展望

Research Status and Prospects of the Caved Ore-body Sharp in Pillarles Sublevels Caving Method

无底柱分段崩落法的最显著缺点是损失贫化大,主要由覆盖岩层下放矿引起。崩落体是放矿的对象,充分认识崩落体的形态对降低矿石损失贫化有着重要意义。在分析崩落体形态影响因素的基础上,从崩落体形态的试验研究、崩落体形态对放矿效果的影响等方面总结和探讨了其研究现状。崩落体形态受爆破参数、矿体及覆岩性质、松动体、放出体、残留体、采场结构参数与放矿工艺等的影响。目前,现场准确实测是崩落体形态研究的难点,物理模拟、数值模拟是崩落体形态研究的主要手段,寻求合适的爆破替代手段是提高物理模拟与生产实际相似性的关键。崩落体几何形状、块度组成、崩落体陷落区等均对放矿效果产生影响,应将回采过程看成一个有机整体,进一步定量研究放出体、松动体、崩落体三者之间的关系机理,从而获得最佳的放矿效果。

The most obvious disadvantage of the pillarless sublevel caving method is its large loss and dilution,mainly caused by the ore drawing under the overburden strata.As the object of ore drawing,it is of great significance to fully under- stand the caved ore sharp to reduce the ore loss and dilution.Therefore ~on the basis of analyzing the influencing factors of caved ore sharp,the research status is summarized and discussed from the experiments of caved ore sharp and its influence on ore-drawing effect.The caved ore shape is affected by blasting parameters,ore body,overlying rock properties,loose body,re- lease body,residual body,stope structure parameters and ore-drawing technology etc..At present,accurate on-site measure- ment is the difficulty in surveying the caved body shape.Physical simulation and numerical simulation are the main means of surveying.However,seeking for a suitable blasting alternative is the key to improve the similarity between physical simulation and production practice.The geometry,fragmentation,and caving area of the caved ore body all have an impact on the drawing effect.Therefore,the mining process should be regarded as an organic whole,and the relationship mechanism among the re- lease body,loose body,and caved ore body should be further quantitatively studied so as to obtain the best drawing effect.