德国工匠精神的历史形成与传承

The Historical Formation and Inheritance of German Craftsmanship

德国工匠精神是德国制造业的灵魂,是推动德国经济发展的秘密武器。从历史文化角度来看,哲学思维启蒙、新教伦理熏陶、地理环境为德国工匠精神的形成奠定了基础;从形成机制来看,中世纪的行会发展及技艺传承、质量文化意识的提高、良好社会经济环境的营造构成了德国工匠精神形成的内外部因素,共同推动这一过程的实现。德国政府十分重视对德国工匠精神的传承,并在政策、制度、教育等维度予以保障。当下,中国正在实现由制造大国向制造强国的转型,不仅需要大批具有专业技能的人才,更需要工匠精神在各领域的大力培育与传承。结合我国经济社会发展的现实需要,借鉴德国工匠精神培育与传承的有益经验,对培育大国工匠、推动"中国制造2025"实现具有重要意义。

German craftsmanship is the soul of German manufacturing and a secret weapon to promote the development of German economy.From the perspective of historical culture,the enlightenment of philosophical thinking,the edification of Protestant ethics,and the geographical environment laid the foundation for the formation of German craftsmanship;from the perspective of mechanism formation,the development of guilds in the Middle Ages and the inheritance of skills,the improvement of quality and cultural awareness,and the favorable social environment,constituted the internal and external factors for the creation of German artisan spirit and jointly promoted the realization of this process.The German government attaches great importance to the inheritance of German craftsmanship and guarantees it in the dimensions of policy,institution and education.At present,China is transforming from a manufacturing country to a manufacturing power.It requires not only a large number of talents with professional skills,but also the cultivation and inheritance of artisans in various fields. Combining the practical needs of China's economic and social development,and drawing on the useful experience of cultivating and inheriting the spirit of German artisans are of great significance for cultivating great craftsmen and promoting the realization of"Made in China 2025".