教育与移民“美国化”(1880—1920年)

Education and Immigrants' Americanization: 1890-1920

19世纪末20世纪初,美国城市化进入崛起时期,美国社会出现重大变化,与此同时,在这一社会变迁中,来自南欧与东欧的移民涌进美国,形成新的移民潮,这些新移民与初期来自西欧与北欧的移民在语言、文化、宗教信仰等方面存在差异,这给美国带来许多的社会问题。在此背景中,开启了美国化运动,以应对新移民产生的社会问题。出于同化移民的目的,在美国化运动中,通过美国化法案、雇主计划、快餐文化等手段,对移民进行干预,在教育领域通过移民教育立法、建立夜校、工厂学校、移民英语班、公民教育等举措,对移民开展美国化教育,使移民接受美国价值观,融入美国文化体系。美国化中各种教育努力对移民的文化和教育等产生了深刻影响。

With the development of urbanization in the late 19th century and early 20th century, American society changed a lot.In this social change,immigrants from south and east Europe form a new immigrant wave.New immigrants are different from the immigrants from the west and north Europe in language,culture,and religion and are accompanied by some social problems. Americanization Movement is started to respond to those social problems.In order to assimilate immigrants,Americanization Movement intervenes immigrants by Americanization Act,employer project,and fast food culture.In Americanization education,immigrants are settled .by educational law,night and factory schools,English class,and civic education to make them accept American values and integrate into American culture system.The Movement impels impacts on immigrant culture and education.