全本《音义便考》知庄章组声母读音的分合

Sound Division in Ancient Chinese Initial Groups of “Zhi-zhuang-zhang(知庄章)” in YinyiBiankao

古知庄章三组声母字分布在《音义便考》音系中的28个韵部,知庄章合流及其i介音的消失是发展总趋势,且合口字快于开口字。在没有完全合流的韵部,表现为知二庄组(包括二三等)与知三章组二分的局面,其中知二庄组拼洪音,知三章组拼细音。部分知三章组字拼洪音,当是《中原音韵》之后的发展。少数庄组三等字仍然拼细音,可视为i介音的残留。这些韵内部仍有洪细之别,可看做是同一音位的不同变体,构拟为一套声母更为合适。这正好可以解释作者李登在《音义便考》凡例中只设计照穿审一套声母,而在韵谱开口类小韵下又分列正齿与抵齿两个小类的矛盾做法。

The three groups Zhi Zhuang Zhang(知庄章)of the initials is distributed in the 28rhymes of the phonology of YinyiBiankao(音义便考).The convergence of Zhi Zhuang Zhang and the disappearance of [i]is the general trend of development showing that the evolution speed of close-mouth(合口 )words is faster than that of the open-mouth(开口 )ones. In the rhymes without full convergence,the three groups of initials are divided respectively into two small classes:the first one includes words of Zhi of the second grade(知二)and Zhuang(庄)group (including second and third grade),and which go with low-vowels(洪音).At the same time,the next one includes words of Zhi of the third grade(知三)and Zhang(章) group,and which go with high-vowels(细音).It is known that some words of Zhi of the third grade(知三)and Zhang(章) spell low-vowels(洪音),which is the development after the Zhongyuan Yinyun(中原音韵).Few words of Zhuang of the third grade(庄三)still with fine tone can be regarded as the residue of [i].The existence of the opposition of low-vowels(洪音)and high-vowels(细音)in these rhymes can be regarded as different variants(变体 )of the same phoneme(音位),and is more suitable for a set of initials.This can explain the traditional deterministic methods that the author Li Deng made notes on the use of YinyiBiankao designing only a set of initials,while dividing two categories of Zheng-chi(正齿)and Di-chi(抵齿)in the rhymes of the open-mouth.