改革开放40年:民事审判程序的变迁

40 Years of Reform and Opening up: the Transition of Civil Trail Procedure

改革开放40年来,我国民事审判程序改革集中体现为从职权干预型向当事人主导型诉讼体制或模式的转型。改革的初衷是为我国社会主义市场经济保驾护航。转型的逻辑体现为"商品经济—私有财产—私法自治—当事人主义"的内在关联。不过,我国民事审判程序改革的初衷是解决"案多人少",诉讼效率是最重要指标。当事人主义是手段,而非目的,《证据规定》制定和实施后的犹豫、徘徊与反复均是集中体现。民事诉讼的社会化或协同主义并不构成当事人主义和职权主义之外的第三条路径,对当事人主义的修正与补充并不意味着对其的背离甚至抛弃。总体而言,改革开放40年来,我国民事审判程序改革取得了辉煌的成就,但依旧在路上。

After 40 years of reform and opening,the transformation from the mode of power intervention to the litigant-riented litigation is the concentrated embodiment of the reform of civil trial procedure in china. The primary purpose of reform is to protect our socialist market economy. The internal relationship between "commodityeconomy,private-property,private-law-autonomy,adversary-system"is the logical embodiment of transformation. However,the problem of "people with less in the court"is the original purpose of the reform of civil trial procedure in china,and the efficiency of litigation is the most important indicator. The hesitation and repetition after the enactment of "The Provisions of Evidence"embodies that adversary-system is a means rather than an end. The socialization civil litigation or Kooperationsmaxime do not constitute the third alternative to adversary system and inquisitorial system. Revising or supplementation of adversary system does not mean violation or even abandoning it. In general,after 40 years of reform and opening up,China’ s civil trial procedure reform has made brilliant achievements,but still need to continue to move forward.