技术变革、创新体系与巴西农业发展:内生动力及中巴合作领域

Technological Change,Innovation System and Brazilian Agricultural Development:Endogenous Power and Cooperation between China and Brazil

巴西是农牧业大国,农业是巴西经济的支柱产业。自20世纪70年代开始,巴西经历了土壤改良和热带动植物生产系统,免耕直播,以及农林牧一体化生产3次技术革命;巴西的大豆也经历杂交大豆、热带大豆和转基因大豆3次技术变革。巴西农业技术变革主要依赖于由政府主导的农业技术创新管理体制与运作机制,以及由科技部牵头的国家科技创新发展战略。未来,巴西还将在转基因大豆、热带水稻栽培、动物疫病防控和病虫害防治等技术上寻求与中国的合作。

Brazil is a large country in agricultural and animal husbandry,and agriculture is the pillar industry of Brazilian economy. Since the 1970 s,Brazil has experienced three major technological innovations in soil improvement and tropical flora and fauna production systems,no-tillage,and integrated crop – livestock systems. Brazilian soybeans have also undergone three technological changes known as hybrid soybeans,tropical soybeans and genetically modified soybeans. Brazil’s agricultural technological change mainly depends on government-led agricultural technology innovation management system and operation mechanism,as well as the national science and technology innovation and development strategy proposed by the Ministry of Science and Technology. In the future,Brazil will also seek for cooperation with China in technologies such as GM soybeans,tropical rice cultivation,animal disease control,pest control and so on.