对森岛通夫形式化马克思经济学的批判性考察

Critical Investigation of Michio Morishima's Formalized Marxian Economics

森岛通夫是日本数理马克思经济学派的重要代表人物,在用现代数理方法重述和研究马克思经济学和古典经济学方面有很高的造诣。森岛通夫用数理方法对马克思经济学的重述和研究,主要集中在劳动价值论、剥削理论、转形问题、再生产理论等经典主题,这为理解马克思经济学提供了一种数理的新视角。但是,森岛通夫对马克思经济学的理解充满矛盾:一方面他高度评价马克思经济学,认为马克思在一般均衡理论、动态一般均衡理论、当代经济增长理论、投入—产出分析和商品生产社会的对偶双重性这些现代经济学的重要领域和前沿课题,都做出了先驱性的工作和独创性的贡献,特别是用数理方法证明了价值的客观性和剥削对资本主义的充分必要性;另一方面,森岛通夫又试图将马克思经济学融入正统经济学,最终主张放弃劳动价值论、剥削理论(剩余价值理论)和资本主义崩溃理论。森岛通夫的工作表明,形式化马克思经济学必须遵循马克思经济学自身的逻辑,否则,用数学逻辑代替经济学逻辑将会导致严重的错误。

Michio Morishima is an important representative of the school of mathematical economy of Marxism in Ja- pan,with great attainments in reinterpreting and studying Marxian economies and classic economics through modem mathematical method.His reinterpretation and study of Marxian economics with mathematical method mainly concentrate on its classic themes,such as the labor theory of value,theory of exploitation,transforma- tion problem,reproduction theory,etc.,which provides a new mathematical perspective for understanding Marxian economies.However,his understanding of Marxian economics is full of contradictions:on the one hand,he speaks highly of Marxian economies,and thinks that Marx did a pioneering work in and unique contribution to the important field and frontier task of modem economics,such as general equilibrium theory, dynamic general equilibrium theory,contemporary theory of economic growth,input-output analysis,and the duality of commodity production society.He has especially proved the objectivity of value and the necessity and sufficiency of exploitation in capitalism with mathematical method.On the other hand,he tries to blend Marxian economics and orthodox economics,and argues for ultimate abandoning of the labor theory of value, theory of exploitation (theory of surplus value)and theory of capitalist collapse.His work shows that formal- ized Marxian economics must follow the logic of Marxian economics in order to avoid the mistake as a result of replacing economic logic with mathematical logic.