异域化到本土化:清末民初职业教育的引入与吸收

Alienization to Localization:The Introduction and Absorption of Vocational Education in Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China

清末民初,从国外引入的职业教育带有明显的异域化倾向,过多模仿外国学制、聘任大量外籍教习、使用原版授课教材以及生搬国外职教体制等行为都影响了职业教育与中国实际的有效结合。有鉴于此,近代中国政府及教育家开始有意识地去探寻本土化的职业教育发展道路。他们极为细致地调查并研究了清末民初的国情,继而提出、制定了一些列符合实际情况的职业教育理论和制度。职业教育本土化的经验与教训,对于今天的职教事业依然有启示与借鉴意义。

The introduction of vocational education from abroad had clearly exotic tendency in Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China,too much imitating foreign school system,engaging large numbers of foreign teachers,as well as the using of original teaching materials and the literal translation of the foreign theoretical system,affected effective combination of vocational education and Chinese realities.So modern Chinese governments and educators began to consciously explore localization of vocational education development paths.They also carefully investigated and studied conditions of Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China,then put forward and formulated theories and systems of vocational education.The experience and lessons of the localization of vocational education are still instructive for today's vocational education.