瑞士高等职业教育人才培养的路径、特色及启示

On Path, Characteristics and Enlightenments of Talent Cultivation in Higher Vocational Education in Switzerland

瑞士高职教育主要通过两类路径为学习者搭建灵活开放、正规高效的终身学习体系:一类是学习者在高等职业学院学习国家认定的课程;另一类是为社会人员创设的"联邦考试"路径,学习者无论是否参加课程学习只要能够通过两次联邦考试,同样可取得国家认可的正规高职教育学位。高等职业教育基本呈现以下四个特色:追求与学术类高等教育高度差异化的人才培养目标、重视在职业实践经验基础上双元体制培养、资格证书保障各层级教育间无缝衔接、课程与考试标准体系保障人才培养质量。瑞士高职教育的培养路径及实践经验对我国高职教育人才培养具有重要的借鉴意义。

Higher vocational education in Switzerland builds a flexible,open,formal and efficient lifelong learning system for learners, mainly through two kinds of paths:One path is,learn nationally approved course in higher vocational colleges;the other is the "Federal Examination"path created for social workers.Whether the learner participates in the course or not,as long as he can pass two federal examinations,he can also obtain a nationally recognized formal vocational education diploma.Higher vocational education in Switzerland has four main characteristics:the first is the pursuit of differentiated talent training goal between higher vocational education and academic higher education;the second is to attach importance to the development of the dual system based on professional experience;the third is to guarantee the seamless connection between education levels through qualification certificates;the fourth is to guarantee quality of talent training through standards system of curriculum and examination.The training path and practical experience of higher Vocational Education in Switzerland have important reference significance for higher vocational education in China.