黑龙江省农业面源污染负荷排放特征研究

Study on Emission Characteristics of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in Heilongjiang

运用排污系数、清单分析和空间特征分析等方法,估算了2016年黑龙江省各地区化肥、农作物秸秆、畜禽养殖、水产养殖、农村生活污染源的总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(COD)的排放量。利用GIS软件对黑龙江省农业面源污染物排放量、污染程度进行空间分布研究。结果表明:黑龙江省农业面源污染物TN、TP、COD绝对排放量分别为27.19×10~4t、5.69×10~4t、94.35×10~4t;TN、TP、COD等标排放量分别为27.19×10~4m^3、28.45×10~4m^3、4.71×10~4m^3。黑龙江省农业面源污染物TN、TP、COD综合水质指数达到重度污染程度以上(包括重度污染)有6个地区,占全省面积的46.15%,其污染程度广泛性和严重性的压力状态已经明显,农业面源污染的控制和治理刻不容缓。从空间分布来看,TN、TP、COD的空间分布特征具有较高的一致性。

The methods of discharge coefficient,inventory analysis and spatial characteristic analysis are used to estimate emissions of total nitrogen (TN),total phosphorus (TP)and chemical oxygen demand (COD)from the chemical fertilizer, crop straw,livestock and poultry breeding,aquaculture and rural domestic pollution in all regions of Heilongjiang Province in 2016.GIS software is used to conduct spatial distribution study of agricultural non-point source pollutant emissions and pollution degree in Heilongjiang.The results show that the absolute emission of agricultural non-point source pollutants in Heilongjiang,including TN,TP and COD,respectively are 27.19×10^4t,5.69×10^4t,94.35×10^4t;standard emissions ofTN,TP and COD respectively are 27.19×10^4m^3,28.45×10^4m^3,4.71×10^4m^3.There are totally six areas where the comprehensive water quality index of agricultural non-point source pollutants,including TN,TP and COD,has exceeded the degree of severe pollution (including severe pollution)in Heilongjiang,accounting for 46.15%of the province's whole area.The pressure of extensiveness and seriousness of the degree of pollution has been very obvious,so control and management of agricultural non-point source pollutant is of no delay time.Based on the spatial distribution,the spatial distribution characteristics of TN,TP and COD have a high consistency.