中国农村商业银行经营绩效及其外部影响因素分析

Performance of Rural Commercial Banks in China and Its External Factors

农村商业银行(简称:农商行)作为农村金融体系中的重要组成部分,承担着支持"三农"发展的重要使命,但由于农村信贷市场抵押品匮乏、农业生产风险较大等一系列问题,使得农商行在经营绩效方面较一般商业银行面临更大的挑战。因此,通过深入分析农商行经营绩效的影响因素,找出改善对策,对农商行的健康发展具有重要的意义。本文首先使用SBM方法对中国农商行的经营绩效进行综合评价,发现近年来农商行的经营绩效在整体上有所下降,但在不同地区又存在显著差异。然后分析了影响不同地区农商行经营绩效的外部因素,发现各地区农村经济和居民生活水平越高,农商行经营绩效越高,而农村生产风险越大,农商行经营绩效越低。农商行作为一类较特殊的商业银行,其经营绩效需要考虑我国区域经济的差异性,并在平衡股东价值最大化及支农效率的基础上,探寻长效发展的目标,这需要中央政府、地方政府以及农商行自身在不同层面给予支持与改进。

As an important part of rural financial system,rural commercial banks should undertake the important mission of supporting the development of agriculture,rural areas and farmers in China.However,rural financial market is short of available collaterals and agricultural production is risky by its nature,so the performance of rural commercial banks faces larger challenges than ordinary commercial banks.This paper evaluates the performance of rural commercial banks based on SBM method and finds that the performance has declined as a whole in recent years but with significant regional differences.Then the external factors that affect the performance in different regions are analyzed and the results show that the higher level the rural economic affluence and residents'living standard are at,the better performance rural commercial banks will have,while the more risky the rural production is,the worse performance rural commercial banks will have.In order to ensure the sustainable development of rural financial market,a perfect credit evaluation system must be established,the availability of collaterals must be enhanced,and the agricultural insurance must be vigorously promoted as a powerful supplement of the rural financial market.