蜱携带重要人畜共患病毒研究概况

REVIEW ON IMPORTANT ZOONOTIC TICK-BORNE VIRUSES

蜱能够传播多种病毒,已知有6个病毒科的病毒能通过蜱虫吸血传播,分别是黄病毒科、布尼亚病毒科、正粘病毒科、弹状病毒科、呼肠孤病毒科和非洲猪瘟病毒科。除非洲猪瘟病毒科外,其余病毒均为核糖核酸(RNA)病毒。黄病毒科和布尼亚病毒科病毒可在人类引起脑炎和出血热,因此其意义尤为重要。森林脑炎病毒、波瓦生病毒和克里米亚—刚果热病毒等蜱传病毒引起的人畜共患疾病,近年来在世界上多个地区重新流行。新型蜱传病毒及相关病例不断被发现,例如我国发现的发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒(SFTSV)以及国外发现的Heartland和波本(Bourbon)病毒等,引起了医学界的广泛重视。随着人类对自然资源的开发,与自然界蜱的接触机会日益增加,导致蜱传病毒性疾病的发病率上升。为了做好及时应对这种潜在公共健康威胁的准备,本文对蜱及其携带的重要病毒特点进行了综述。

Ticks can transmit a variety of viruses (tick-borne viruses,TBVs)by hematophagia.TBVs are currently known to belong to six families:Flaviviridae,Bunyaviridae,Orthomyxoviridae,Rhabdoviridae,Reoviridae,and Asfarviridae.All TBVs are RNA viruses with the exception of the family Asfarviridae.TBVs in the family Flaviridae and Bunyaviridae are most important because some of them can cause encephalitis or hemorrhagic fever in humans.Zoonoses caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus,Powassan virus,Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and so forth are starting to reemerge in many parts in the world.New TBVs and their associated cases are continually being reported including severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV)in China,Heartland and Bourbon viruses abroad,which have aroused wide attention in the medical community.With intensified human exploit on natural resources,the chance of human exposure to ticks in nature greatly increases,which could potentially escalate the incidence of tick-borne viral diseases.