改革开放40年我国生产关系演变的现实路径与理论机理

The Evolution Path and Theoretical Logic of China's Relations of Production since Reform and Opening up

生产关系是经济关系中最具决定性的范畴,厘清其演变路径及理论机理是总结和提炼中国经济改革开放40年经验的重要内容之一。根据马克思关于生产力与生产关系矛盾运动的基本规律,必须将生产关系纳入生产方式的整体演变中进行剖析。为此,文章通过将我国改革开放40年来生产方式的现实演变区分为数量型生产方式探索期(1978—1997年)、数量型生产方式深化期(1998—2012年)以及质量型生产方式探索期(2013年至今)三个阶段,以梳理我国生产关系的现实演变路径。在此基础上,通过将马克思经典逻辑与我国生产领域改革实践充分结合,总结出我国生产关系演变的理论机理:其一,"生产力与生产关系的动态适应"是我国生产关系演变的逻辑主线;其二,"以人民为中心"是我国生产关系演变的内在轴心;其三,"政府控制力"是我国生产关系演变的宏观保障。

Since reform and opening up,China's economic relations have undergone significant changes,in which the changes of various relations in the production process play a decisive role in the changes of economic relations.Therefore,combing the realistic evolution path of China's relations of production in the past 40years and refining the internal theoretical mechanism of its evolution are of great significance for summing up the 40years'experience of reform and opening up.Based on the basic law that productive forces determine production relations and production relations react to the productive forces,this paper holds that it is necessary to study the realistic path and internal logic of the evolution of production relations from the perspective of the mode of production and in the dynamic interaction between productive forces and production relations. On the one hand,this paper divides the realistic evolution of the mode of production in the past 40years of reform and opening up into three stages according to interaction between productive forces and production relations.Firstly,the exploratory period of the quantitative mode of production (1978-1997),during which the reform of production relations and the development of productive forces in China have promoted the "planned mode of production" into the "quantitative mode of production".Secondly,during the deepening period of the quantitative production mode (1998-2012),the development of productive forces and production relations jointly promoted the continuous development and stability of the quantitative production mode in China.Thirdly,during the exploration period of the quality production mode (from 2013to the present),China's quality-based production mode is actively formed and promoted.However,in this period the role of productive forces still needs to be further stimulated,and the synergy between productive forces and production relations has not been fully established yet. On the other hand,this paper sums up the theoretical mechanism of the evolution of China's relations of production by fully combining Marxist classical logic with the practice of China's reform in the field of production.Namely,the dynamic adaptation between productive forces and production relations is the logical main line;"people-centered"is the internal axis;the government control is the macro-guarantee of the evolution of China's production relations.And these key elements interact with each other to promote the evolution and development of China's production relations.The above theoretical mechanism is actually the summary and refinement of the practice of the reform of production relations since reform and opening up,and also a valuable experience in the process of socialist market economy.construction in China.