周边国家民族主义新态势与中国外交的挑战

New Trends of Nationalism in China’s Neighboring Countries and Their Challenges to China’s Diplomacy

随着中国深度参与区域合作与广泛拓展海外利益,周边国家的国内政治对中国周边外交的影响愈加深刻。研究周边各国民族主义影响中国外交的一般性特征,具有较强的学理价值和现实意义。尽管周边国家的种族支配主义、民族分裂主义、民族独立意识在历史上对中国外交有较大影响,但这些因素在当今时代的重要性已有所下降。周边国家民族主义在近些年来萌生的新态势,具体包括自我动员能力的提升、民粹主义倾向的凸显、现代公民意识的展露,将为中国周边外交构成诸多全新挑战。为了降低周边国家民族主义对中国的不利影响,中国可以在争端解决、海外投资、人文交流等方面主动调整思维和行为模式,探索与周边国家在应对民族主义问题上的合作空间。

As China engages in deeper regional cooperation and expands far-ranging overseas interests, the domestic politics of neighboring states have been influencing China’s diplomacy in the region more deeply. Thus, it is meaningful in terms of both theory and practice to study the general pathway through which the nationalism in China’s neighboring countries affects China’s diplomacy. Although China’s diplomacy was greatly affected by ethnocentrism, national separatism and national independent consciousness of neighboring states in the history, the importance of these factors has declined in recent time. Some new trends have emerged from nationalism in China’s neighboring countries in recent years, including the increase in the mass mobilization capacity, the inclination of populism, and the modern citizenship awareness, all of which will create many new challenges to China’s diplomacy towards these countries. In order to confine the disadvantages of neighboring nationalism to an acceptable level, China should adjust its thinking and behavioral patterns more proactively in the field of dispute settlement, overseas investment and people-to-people exchanges, and explore the cooperative space on the issue of nationalism with neighboring states.