汉代象数易学的两个面向——以王弼对“存象忘意”的批评为例

Two Different Forms of the Han Tradition of Image-numerological Scholarship on the Changes

汉代象数易学包含两种不同的形态,其一可被称为"汉代象数易占之学",其二可被称为"汉代象数易注之学"。卦爻辞作为后者的主要训释对象,几乎不在前者的理路之中占据位置。而前者中的象数思想,在后者中则被转化成了训释经传文辞的体例。总体而言,后者对前者的影响远小于前者对后者的影响。王弼批评"存象忘意",是在评价后者。吾人不能认为"存象忘意"也可被用以评价前者,更不能认为"存象忘意"是对整个汉代象数易学的评价。

The Han (206 BCE-220 CE) tradition of image-numerological scholarship on the Changes has two forms:one can be called the "divination-oriented image-numerology"and the other the"annotation-oriented image-numerology."Although they are the main exegetic object of the latter,the hexagram and line statements occupy nearly no position in the former;whereas the image-numerological thought of the former was converted into stylistic rules of interpretation in the latter.Generally speaking,the influence of the latter upon the former was much smaller than the former’s influence upon the latter.It is evident that the object criticized by Wang Bi (226-249) for its overemphasis on images refers to the latter.Therefore,we should not make use of Wang Bi’s view to criticize the former and the whole image-numerology of the Han either.