易学与良知学的融通——以江右王门后学宋仪望为例

On the Fusion of the Philosophy of the Yi jing and the Conscience Theory——The Example of Song Yiwang's Perspective

宋仪望是王阳明再传弟子,因其有长期研读《周易》的经历,故而尝试以易学诠释良知学。他认为,圣人之学以求仁为要,仁是天地之心,是《易》所谓生生不已的生理,此理具于人心,即所谓性,故求仁即复性。性之虚明灵觉即良知,故求仁、复性就是阳明学的致良知。宋仪望将《周易》复卦的爻辞"不远复"解释为力求本心、直悟本体的"顿"的工夫,同时也赋予其改过迁善、为善去恶以复其本体的"渐"的工夫论义涵,以祛除阳明后学中存在的忽略躬行实践的弊病。

As a follower of Wang Yangming and one of Nie Bao(1487-1563)and Zou Shouyi’s most important disciples,Song Yiwang(1514-1578)had a conscience theory that was not quite different from Wang Yangming’s(1472-1529).But on account of his experience of long-term study of the Book of Changes,he tried to interpret the conscience theory with the philosophy of the Yi jing.He thought that the core point of Confucianism was seeking benevolence,and because benevolence can be considered as the creative and ceaseless principle of the world and the nature of human beings,he contended that the practice of seeking benevolence is equivalent to the practice of returning to the nature of human beings.Because conscience is a vigilant and flexible consciousness of human nature,he claimed that all above-mentioned practices could be integrated into the practice of conscience.Furthermore,he averred that the bottom line statement of hexagram Fu[■,Return,24]contained two methods of practice:the epiphanic way to the original conscience and the gradual one,stating that through correcting faults,one could get rid of the defects in some of Wang Yangming’s followers who used to ignore the concrete moral practices.