“学生营养改善计划”2016年学校牛奶供应情况及影响因素

School milk supply status and its influencing factors in the Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students in 2016

目的探讨2016年"农村义务教育学生营养改善计划"(简称"计划")国家试点地区学校牛奶供应情况及其影响因素,为提高农村贫困地区学生校园牛奶的可及性提供基础数据。方法从"计划"覆盖的中西部22个省699个国家监测县,按照学校食堂供餐、企业(单位)供餐和家庭(个人)托餐3种供餐模式,每个县随机抽取不低于10%的小学(含中心小学和教学点)和初中,共8 235所学校。通过问卷调查2016年学校牛奶供应情况及相关影响因素。结果有43.1%的学校供奶;九年一贯制学校、中部地区或县学校每周供奶频率较高(P值均<0.01)。学校供应牛奶的形式为课间加餐的比例最多,占32.5%;其次为早餐供奶(14.7%)。在供奶的学校中,95.2%提供的是学生奶,小学、中部地区和村学校提供学生奶的比例较高(P值均<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,初中、乡镇/县学校、学校学生数少于350人、采用企业供餐、无法提供完整午餐或晚餐、学校食堂供餐次数多的学校供奶的可能性更大(P值均<0.05)。结论我国贫困农村地区学校供奶比例较低,建议采取综合措施,提高农村学生在学校供餐中对牛奶的可及性。

Objective To investigate school milk supply status and its influencing factors in the national pilot counties of the Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students(NIPRCES)in 2016,and provide basic data for improving the accessibility of school milk for students in poor rural areas.Methods Not less than 10%primary and middle schools (including central elementary schools and teaching sites)were selected randomly from 699counties in 22provinces in NIPRCES by three food supply modes(school-based,company-based and others),and a total of 8235schools were collected.The school milk supply situation and its influencing factors were investigated through school questionnaires.Results About 43.1%of the 8235 schools provided milk for students.The frequency of school milk supply were higher in the nine-year schools,schools of central regions or in counties(P<0.01).The proportion of schools that provided milk between classes was the highest,accounting for 32.5%, followed by breakfast for milk (14.7%).About 95.2%of schools with milk supply provided school milk,the proportions were higher in primary schools,schools in central regions or in villages(P<0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that middle schools,schools in township and county,schools with less than 350students,schools with company-based food supply mode, schools unable to provide a complete lunch or dinner,and schools where the school cafeteria served meals more frequently,had a higher probability of providing milk to students.Conclusion The proportion of milk supplied in schools is low in poor rural areas of China,comprehensive measures should be taken to increase rural students'access to milk during school feeding.