休闲性身体活动与社区建成环境关系研究

Study on the Relevance between Leisure-time Physical Activity and the Neighborhood Built Environment

目的:调查了解深圳市坪山区居民休闲性身体活动现状,分析其居住社区周围建成环境对休闲性身体活动的影响,为制定身体活动指南和干预措施提供参考依据。方法:采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,使用一般情况调查表、简约版步行环境量表(ANEWS)和国际体力活动问卷(IPAQ)对深圳市坪山区6个社区共1002名调查对象进行入户问卷调查。结果:调查共获得有效问卷986份,其中男性460人(46.65%),女性526人(53.35%);休闲性步行活跃人数204人(20.69%),中高强度休闲性身体活动活跃人数116人(11.94%);多因素回归分析结果显示,居住周围环境美化情况更好(OR=1.694,95%CI:1.351～2.123)、道路情况更好(OR=2.222,95%CI:1.637～3.016)、交通情况更好(OR=2.858,95%CI:2.062～3.962)更有利于居民进行休闲性步行活动;周围环境美化情况(OR=2.173,95%CI:1.657～2.852)和锻炼设施可及性(OR=2.006,95%CI:1.485～2.711)更好更有利于居民进行中高强度体力活动。结论:居住周围环境对居民休闲性身体活动有一定影响,美化周围环境、改善道路情况和交通情况、提高周围锻炼设施的可及性有利于提高居民休闲性身体活动水平,促进居民健康。

Objective To investigate the status quo of leisure-time physical activity in Pingshan District of Shenzhen,and analyze the relevance between neighborhood built environment and leisure-time physical activity,so as to provide references for building guidelines of physical activities and interventions. Methods A self-designed general condition questionnaire,the abbreviated neighborhood environment walkability scale and international physical activity questionnaire were used to collect data of 1002 volunteers from 6 communities in Pingshan District using the household survey. Results Totally 986 valid questionnaires were collected,of which 204 people(20.69%) were active in leisure walking,and 116(11.94%) were active in medium and high intensity leisure physical activities,including 460 men(46.65%) and 536 women(53.35%). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preferable environment(OR=1.694,95%CI: 1.351~2.123),good road condition(OR=2.222,95%CI:1.637~3.016),and orderly traffic condition(OR=2.858,95%CI:2.062~3.962) were positively correlated to residents’ willingness to do leisure physical activity. It also showed that preferable environment(OR=2.173,95%CI: 1.657~2.852) and easy accessibility to exercise facilities(OR=2.006,95%CI: 1.485~2.711) promoted residents to do medium-and high-intensity leisure-time physical activities. Conclusion The neighborhood built environment has certain influences on leisure physical activities of residents. It is helpful to elevate the leisure-time physical activity level,and promote the health of residents by beautifying the environment and improving the road and traffic conditions as well as the accessibility of exercise facilities in their residential compounds.