20世纪30年代滇桂“兼领黔地”之争

A Study of the Conflict Between Yunnan and Guangxi over the Administration of Guizhou in the 1930s

20世纪30年代初的西南呈现出明显的政治区域化景象,各省于地方自立且彼此保持均势,同时又在共同利益的基础上抗衡中央势力的渗透。其中,贵州在西南政治格局中占有特殊的地位,对于谋求政治统一的中央政府以及力求维持地方利益的川、滇、桂三省来说,都有非同寻常的意义。红军长征途经黔地,给蒋介石势力进入贵州提供了一个极好的机会,亦为解决困扰国民党中央政府多年的西南问题找到了突破口。为此,国民党中央与地方、地方与地方之间围绕着对贵州的控制展开激烈角逐。结果,中央军搞垮黔系王家烈,实际控制了贵州,达到"扼桂图滇"的效果,又以"兼领黔地"权限之争离间滇桂之关系。此时的贵州,不仅成为改变西南原有政治格局的关键,而且折射出中央与地方权力的博弈。

In the early 1930s,there was a political regionalization in southwest China.Each province developed on its own and kept a balanced situation with each other while they struggled together against the power of the central government.Guizhou took a special position in this political pattern,having an important value for both the central government and local governments in Sichuan,Yunnan and Guangxi.As the Red Army went past Guizhou during the Long March,Chiang Kai-shek's power found a perfect opportunity to enter Guizhou and made a breakthrough in the problem of the southwestern provinces.Central and local powers had an intense conflict over the control of Guizhou.At last,the central power defeated the local power in Guizhou represented by Wang Jialie and took control of the province.Meanwhile,it aroused the conflict between Yunnan and Guangxi over the administration of Guizhou.At this point of time,Guizhou became a crucial part in the political conflict between central and local powers in southwest China.