南京国民政府时期县级狱政窳败问题

A Study on the Problems in County-Level Prisons in the Nanjing Nationalist Government Period

南京国民政府时期,现代法律理念尚未在各级政府中广泛传播和深入贯彻,狱政改良举步维艰。在县级层面,司法权和行政权未完全分离,大多数县级地区延续着县长兼理司法的旧传统,普遍存在未经改良的旧式监所。旧监所在经费、卫生、戒护、狱吏、监犯管理等方面积弊甚深,狱犯生存环境极为恶劣,致使越狱现象频繁发生。县级狱政的窳败,反映了南京国民政府制度与实践的剥离。对此问题,国民政府只能简单地惩戒县长,说明其司法管理效能的低下和应对时局的乏力。

In the period of Nanjing Nationalist Government,modern legal ideas failed to spread and be supplemented in governments at all levels,and transformation of prison administration met lots of difficulties.At the county level,the judicial power and the executive power were not separated;in most regions,the county magistrate also performed as the judicial head and backward old prisons prevailed. There were many problems about those old prisons involving expenditure,sanitation,guards,officers and administration of prisoners.Prisoners all lived in a harsh condition and escape of them happened a lot.Those problems reflected the inability of the Nanjing Nationalist Government in terms of judicial administration and response to the situation.