英国多重残疾学生国家课程的校本化——基于斯蒂芬·霍金学校的个案评析

The School Orientation of the National Curriculum for Students with Multiple Disabilities in Britain——A Case Analysis Based on the Stephen Hawking School

基于课程标准学业评价的理念与实践是英国国家课程改革的主要特点。英国特殊教育学校依据国家制定的"P-Scale"课程文件开发校本课程,确保包括多重残疾学生参与国家课程的学习。史蒂芬·霍金学校以国家课程方案为起点,将一些学科科目整合为"主题领域",为多重残疾学生的学习创造条件,解决了课程共性与个性的关系。课程实施以"IEP"为统领,全面采取综合性的主题教学,同时兼顾每个学生的特殊需要。

Britain’s national curriculum reform is characterized by the idea of the curriculum-for-all and the practice based on the standard assessment of academic achievements. Special education schools develop school-based courses based on P-Scale and other curriculum documents formulated by the country so as to ensure that all students,including students with multiple disabilities,participate in the study of the national curriculum. The Stephen Hawking School uses the national curriculum as the starting point,and integrates some subjects into"themes"for learners with multiple disabilities,thus fostering better relations between universality and individuality. The practice of the curriculum,guided by the Individualized Education Program( IEP),adopts comprehensive theme-based teaching,and caters to the special needs of every student.