父亲和母亲的身体管教与学前儿童外化问题行为的关系:儿童意志控制的中介作用

The Relationship Between Paternal or Maternal Physical Discipline and Preschoolers' Externalized Problem Behaviors:The Mediating Effect of Children's Effortful Control

目的:探讨父亲和母亲的身体管教与学前儿童外化问题行为的关系及儿童意志控制的中介作用。方法:使用亲子冲突解决策略量表(CTSPC)、儿童行为核查量表(CBCL)和儿童气质量表(CBQ-VSF)对635名3-6岁学前儿童及其父母双亲进行测查。采用结构方程模型对数据进行统计分析。结果:父亲和母亲的体罚均能够显著正向预测学前儿童的外化问题行为,但父亲和母亲的身体虐待不能够预测学前儿童的外化问题行为;儿童意志控制在父亲体罚、父亲身体虐待、母亲身体虐待与学前儿童外化问题行为之间均起中介作用,在母亲体罚与学前儿童外化问题行为之间不起中介作用。结论:学前儿童的父亲和母亲的身体管教不仅对儿童发展具有直接影响,也可以通过影响儿童意志控制间接影响儿童发展。

This study aims to explore the relationship between parents’ physical discipline( corporal punishment and physical abuse) and preschoolers’ externalized problem behaviors,and the mediating effect of preschoolers’ effortful control,based on a survey of 635 preschoolers aged between 3 and 6 and their parents with the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales( CTSPC),the Child Behavior Checklist( CBCL),and the Child Behavior Questionnaire-Very Short Form( CBQ-VSF),and through a statistical analysis by means of structural equation modeling. The results show the following: The parents’ corporal punishment,other than their physical abuse,could be used to significantly and positively predict the preschoolers’ externalized problem behaviors; the preschooler’s effortful control mediated between their fathers’ corporal punishment( or their parents’ physical abuse) and their externalized problem behaviors,other than between their mothers’ corporal punishment and their externalized problem behaviors. These findings indicate that parents’ physical discipline has a direct effect on preschoolers’ development,and an indirect effect on their development through their effortful control.