基于动物行为表现的四种森林群落环境的康养效果

The therapy effects of four forest environments based on animal behavior

本研究对雁荡山毛竹林、针阔混交林、杉木林、阔叶林4种典型森林环境中小白鼠的行为学表现进行分析,探究其环境因子对小白鼠自发行为的影响。采用旷场分析法对小白鼠行为表现进行解析。结果表明:从运动总路程来看,4种林分小白鼠运动总路程均显著高于对照组45%以上,但各林分间差异不显著;从中央格运动路程来看,各林分显著高于对照组50%以上;从中央格停留时间来看,各林分显著高于对照组63%以上。从进入次数来看,各林分与对照组无显著差异;从站立次数来看,各林分显著高于对照组8%以上;从体重来看,各组无显著差异;从粪便粒数来看,对照组最高(169.3粒),针阔混交林(112.3粒)显著低于其他各组。相对湿度与粪便粒数和体重呈正相关;气压与运动总路程呈正相关,与粪便粒数呈负相关;风速与粪便粒数和进入次数呈负相关;空气负离子与运动总路程呈正相关。4种森林环境对小白鼠的行为表现有不同程度的促进作用,其中针阔混交林对小白鼠的探索能力、缓解压力效果最好,杉木林对提升小白鼠的活力效果最强,建议根据人群需求选择森林环境进行康养活动。

An open-field experiment was conducted to analyze the impacts of the environment on the behavior of mice.We observed the behavior of mice in four different forest environments, including bamboo forest,conifer and broadleaf mixed forest,Cunninghamia lanceolata forest, and broad-leaved forest.The results showed that the total movement distance of the mice in each forest type was over 45%higher than that of indoor environment (CK),with no significant differ- ence among the four forest types.The central grid movement distance of the four groups was over 50%higher than that of the CK.The four treated groups spent 63%more residence time in the central grid than that in the CK.There was no significant difference in central grid entering fre- quency among the four groups and the CK.The four groups had 8%higher standing frequency than the CK.There was no CK.The CK group had the and broad-leaved forest had significant difference in body mass between the four groups and the highest number of fecal particles (169.3),and the mixed coniferous the lowest (112.3).Relative humidity had a positive correlation with the number of fecal particles and body mass.Air pressure was positively correlated with the total movement distance,and significantly negatively correlated with the number of fecal particles. Wind speed was negatively correlated with the number of fecal .particles and central grid entering frequency.Negative air ions were positively related to the total movement distance.In conclusion, the four forest environments promoted the behaviors of mice with different degrees of promotion. Conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest had the best effect on mice's exploring ability and relieving pressure.C.lanceolata forest had the strongest effect on improving mice vitality.We suggest that people should choose forest environment for health care activities according to their needs.