关于游梁式抽油机节能方面的改进与创新

Improvement and Innovation on Energy Saving of Beam pumping Unit

游梁式抽油机是油田上目前最常用的采油设备,由于其机械特性和井下工况的复杂性,导致抽油机经常处在不平衡的运行状态,使得减速器输出轴净扭矩波动大,这种状态会增加能耗,减少抽油机四连杆和减速器的使用寿命,并且常规游梁式抽油机调节平衡既费力、又费时。针对这些缺点,本文采用了两种技术措施,降低能耗。其一,设计了一种游梁式抽油机自动调节平衡装置,即在改造前的抽油机游梁尾部安装一个可移动的具有一定质量的滑块,改变移动滑块到游梁回转支点的距离,就可以在一定程度上改变抽油机游梁平衡力矩与抽油机的平衡状况,保证在不停机的情况下改善抽油机的平衡状态,减少能耗。其二,采用一种反向间隙减速器,在减少电机配置功率的前提下,保证抽油机的启动能力,增加了电机载荷率,提高了电机效率及电能利用率。

The beam pumping unit is the most commonly used oil production equipment at present in oilfields.Because of its mechanical characteristics and the complexity of the downhole working condition,the pumping unit is often in unbalanced running state,which makes the net torque of the reducer output shaft fluctuate greatly.This state will increase the energy consumption and reduce the service life of fourconnecting rod and reducer of the pumping unit.In view of these shortcomings,two technical measures were adopted to reduce energy consumption.One was to design an automatic balancing device for the beam pumping unit,that was,to install a movable block with a certain quality in the tail of the beam of the pumping unit,and change the distance between the moving slider and the revolving pivot point of the beam.The balance moment of the beam on the pumping unit and the balance of the pumping unit can be changed to a certain extent.The balance state of pumping units can be improved and energy consumption can be reduced without stopping.Secondly,a reverse clearance reducer was adopted to ensure the starting capacity of the pumping unit to increase the load rate of the motor,and improve the efficiency of the motor and the utilization of electric energy on the premise of reducing the power of the motor.