汉语拼音方案与拉丁化民族文字字母设计

Chinese Pinyin Scheme and Latinized Letter Design in Minority Languages

根据1957年国务院《关于少数民族文字方案中设计字母的几项原则》,我国新创与改进少数民族文字(及拼音方案)均最大限度地采取了拉丁字母化以及与汉语拼音趋同的字母设计策略,对国家各民族文字的统一规范发挥了积极的作用。但是因《汉语拼音方案》要适应现代汉语特殊读音而采用的某些字母设计方式,不可避免地会表现出与拉丁字母普遍性原则不相适应之处。本文以我国广义的拉丁字母系列民族文字为对象,全面描述和分析了汉语拼音特色字母设计方式对少数民族文字的影响,以及拉丁字母普遍性原则在民族文字本土化实践中的变通方式。

According to "The Principles for Letter Design in Minority Languages" released by the State Council in 1957,Latin letters and letter designs that approach Chinese Pinyin have been widely used in newly created and improved minority language scripts.This plays a positive role in setting the standards for the minority languages. However,due to the adaptation to certain special pronunciation of modern Chinese,some of the Latin letter designs show incompatibility with'the universal principles of Latin alphabets.This paper,based on the study of Latinized minority language writing systems, makes comprehensive description and analysis of the influence of specific letter design in Pinyin program on minority language scripts,as well as the modification of Latin alphabetic principles in localization of minority scripts.